262. Carnival Memento: SOUVENIR SILHOUETTE

THE GREAT PROFILE.  A Manila Carnival silhouette portrait from 1936, a favorite souvenir from the national fair.

French Etienne de Silhouette, a chronic shadow cutter, gave his name to this simple art of portraiture, using a person's shadow as a template. It was a cheap way to capture one's likeness, making use of featureless profiles either traced from a shadow and then filled in with black ink or cut freestyle using black paper and a pair of scissors.

The Americans introduced this art form in the 20th century, but it did not catch on, only a few Filipinos mastered this craft (a certain artist named Marcelino practiced this art).

A few surviving examples come from the Manila Carnival area, which had booths that offered silhouette portraits as carnival souvenirs. This particular example is courtesy of the 1936 Manila Carnival. 

The profile of a man in a tuxedo is cut from textured black paper and mounted on a special hardboard that had the text, "Souvenir from the Manila & Carnival Exposition 1936". 

Silhouette souvenirs were also given away at the 1953 Philippine International Fair.

82. 1937, MISS LUZON, MISS VISAYAS, MISS MINDANAO

ELISA MANALO, Miss Luzon 1937

Kapampangan Elisa "Ely" Manalo was also elected Miss Radio of 1937, a contest that counted previous contestants like Lina Flor and Carmen Rosales. Like many beauty queens before her, she was lured into showbiz and was cast in the movie "Anna Maria", produced by Silangan Movietone Pictures in 1939.

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SONIA ORTALIZ GAMBOA, Miss Visayas 1937

Sonia Ortaliz Gamboa is the daughter of Jose Benedicto Gamboa and Eliza Ortaliz. She is from Silay City, Negros Occidental. In 1936, she reigned as queen of the Iloilo Carnival. She married Horacio Santos, whose family founded Prudential Bank and Trust Company. Their children include: Sonia, Jose Ma., Ma. Cristina, Horacio Jr., Roberto, Alessandro, Victor Roman and Regina Victoria.


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ADELA COSCOLLUELA, Miss Mindanao 1937

Adelaida Coscolluela comes from the prominent Coscolluela family of Negros. "Daiding" died young at the age of 28.


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81. 1937, Miss Philippines of the Philippine Exposition, CARMEN BAYOT ZALDARRIAGA

1937 MISS PHILIPPINES, Maria Carmen "Chita" Zaldarriaga, another southern beauty with clear Spanish-Filipino lineage. Her reign coincided with another important event in Philippine history: the holding of the 13th International Eucharistic Congress in the country.

1937 was a banner year for Christian Philippines as the country proudly hosted the XIII International Eucharistic Congress, attended by leading church dignitaries and pilgrims the world over. This most important religious meeting was held on the same month that the activities of the Manila Carnival—now dubbed as the Philippine National Exposition, were being mounted in Wallace Field in Luneta, the centerpiece event of which was the election of Miss Philippines of 1937.


The eventual winner was a 17 year old Manila beauty named Carmencita “Chita” Zaldarriaga who conquered the Carnival with her pronounced Castilian beauty. Her great grandmother was Atanasia Dominguez, widow of Joaquin Bayot. A son, Francisco Maria is Chita's grandfather.


From her father’s side, Chita is a relative of Consuelo ‘Monina’ Acuña –her mother is a Zaldarriaga--who had also been a Carnival Queen seven years before. In more recent years, Chita’s niece and namesake, Maria Carmen “Maricar” Zaldarriaga, daughter of her brother Francisco, won the 1972 Miss Young Pilipinas title. Thus, the tradition of beauty ran deep in the Zaldarriaga family.

CARMEN'S COURT. L-R, Elisa Manalo (Miss Luzon), Queen Chita, Sonia Gamboa (Miss Visayas) and Adela Coscolluella (Miss Mindanao)

As a young girl, Chita was bright and studious, and was accelerated many times, finishing her elementary in 5, instead of 7 years. At the time of the contest, she was a high school student at the Assumption Convent. She was sponsored by the newspaper La Vanguardia. Joining her on the coronation dais were her equally beautiful princesses—Elisa Manalo (Miss Luzon), Sonia Gamboa (Miss Visayas) and Adela Coscolluela (Miss Mindanao).

FLYING HIGH. Chita's escort at her coronation was the much acclaimed pilot, Col. Antonio Arnaiz, who made the first transatlantic flight from Manila to Madrid. He later married her.

Her King Consort was a young man from Bais, Negros Oriental -- Col. Antonio Arnaiz, already a well-known personality for many Filipinos at that time. Col. Trained at the Dallas Aviation School, Arnaiz and his co-pilot, Juan Calvo were the first Filipinos to make a historic flight from Manila to Madrid on a single-engine plane called “Commonwealth of the Philippines”. The “Arnacal Flight”, as the aerial feat was known, made headlines around the world and, upon their return, the two were hailed as conquering heroes by their countrymen. A special commemorative stamp was even issued to mark this Philippine aviation milestone. Later, Col. Arnaiz would earn a doctorate in aeronautical engineering.


Chita and Antonio, with their good mestizo looks and temperament, turned out to be a perfect match. The handsome colonel regularly paid afternoon visits to the Queen, and the press avidly followed their courtship which ended with their fabulous wedding in February 1938, a full year after their first encounter. The union resulted in 5 children: Josefina, Teresita, Antonio Jr., Leopoldo and Vicente. The Arnaizes lived a full life, but was marred by the death of one child and the eventual demise of the colonel in 1979.


After her husband’s death, Chita busied herself with their assorted family enterprises and also got involved in civic and charity groups like the Catholic Women’s League where she served as Vice President. This she did, for the rest of her days, passing away in September of 2008.